AP+Unit+5

EQ: Shelving- Will boost or cut frequencies for a space of time Bell- Boosts or cuts frequencies wherever you choose

it is better to cut than it is to boost

16Khz-octave 10, has a high pitched hiss and sizzle

8k- octave 9, high pitched metallic brightness

4k- octave 8, edge of hard consonants, primary range for voice

2k- octave 7. upper mid range

1k-octave 6, central zone for most instruments

500hz- octave 5, lower mid range, body and richness of sound

250hz- octave 4, mud range, thump sound, middle c is here

125- octave 3, upper bass

62.5- octave 2, lower bass, very lowest sound for most instruments

31.25- octave 1

Elements of a song

Intro- small melodic idea that sets up a tune often derived from material that appears later in the tune Verse- the music will generally stay the same but the lyrics will change Pre-Chorus or Transitional Bridge- very short idea that allows you to transition into another section of the song Refrain- short melodic passage that has the same lyrics at the end of each verse Interlude- Transitional section that's longer than usual, but not as long as a verse or chorus Chorus- repeats throughout a song Hook- Something that catches your attention and identifies a song Modulation- changing key Outro- usually consists of repetition of the chorus fading out, often with improvisation from the lead instrument or vocalist

1- basics mixing mastering and another one 2- equalization 3- boosting increases the amplitude of certain frequencies, cutting reduces it 4- it increases the level for a wide range of frequencies by a set amount 5- boosting all mid range frequencies 6- boosting weak frequencies and cutting unwanted frequencies 7- high quality vs low quality 8- when the same sound is recorded on two different tracks and played at the same time to make it sound fuller and better 9- 10- Kick Drum- 40-4k Bass Guitar- 40-4k Electric Guitar- 80- 6k Male Voice- 100-10k Crash Cymbal- 200-15k Saxophone- 100-10k 10- Intro- small melodic idea that sets up a tune often derived from material that appears later in the tune Verse- the music will generally stay the same but the lyrics will change Chorus- a shorter, usually lyrically simpler verse that repeats throughout the song Bridge- very short idea that allows you to transition into another section of the song Modulation- changing key for dramatic effect Outro- the ending of a song which usually consists of repetition of the chorus fading out, often with improvisation from the lead instrument or vocalist Hook- something that catches your attention and identifies a song 11- When the mic is equally sensitive to all frequencies 12- when all frequencies are present but taper out 13- .752 meters (rounded) 14- .06 meters (rounded) 15- 60.423 meters (rounded) 16- so that you can calculate for phase cancellation and set the EQ levels according to the room's parameters 17- they will have the same effect

Live Sound- Components- Input Device- Mic, Electronic/Electric instrument, CD player/tape deck Mixer- Shapes, blends, and combines audio FX- Enhances, controls, or modifies audio, and reduces feedback Crossovers- Splits audio into high and low frequencies and sends the signal to two different sets of speakers Amplifiers- Boosts audio signal Speakers- Converts signal to sound waves (mains send sound to audience, monitors send sound to performers) Monitors- Sends sound to performers Subs- For bass frequencies

EQ- Graphic EQ and Semi-Parametric EQ are the two types

Trim/Input- Top Knob on any mixer, tells how much signal to accept

When you turn on a pa system, always turn on amplifiers last or else you will blow out your speakers

Don't let mic cables cross or be near power cables, only run them perpendicular Eliminate electromagnetic interference Direct box reduces noise Balanced cables The shorter the cable, the less chance there is of interference Cheap cables are more likely to produce interference