AP+Unit+3

Transverse and Longitudinal waves are the two different kinds of sound waves

When all the wave forms are pushed together is compression, when they're pulled apart its rarefaction

Sound waves have constantly shifting polarities

The wavelength determines the pitch of he note played

Double the frequency and you get the octave

The loudness is determined by the height of the wave

amplitude (loudness) is measured in decibels

the frequencies you can hear are20 hertz to 20 kiloherPr

120 decibels and above is the human pain threshold. We can hear anything above 0 decibels

Inside each note is a lot of different notes

Square wave consists of only odd harmonics, and the same is true of a triangle wave, although the difference is that the triangle wave harmonics get softer

A sawtooth wave consists of all harmonics

To double something's volume you need to multiply the decibels times ten

3 basic components of sound: Pitch, Timber, Loudness

Frequency is the number of cycles completed in a second

Frequency is a physical property of sound, pitch is the listeners interpretation of frequency

Phase- a particular point on a waveform

Digital representation- a numerical representation of a sound

Sine- a waveform consisting of just one frequency, the most fundamental of all waveforms

Complex waveform- combining the instantaneous amplitudes of two (or more) sine waves.

Harmonics- frequencies that are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency

Sawtooth wave- a waveform containing all harmonics

triangle wave- a waveform containing only odd harmonics and where the higher harmonics taper out

square/rectangle wave- a waveform containing only odd harmonics

Wave 1 is a sine wave When the pitch is increased, the waves get closer together, and vise versa when it is decreased When amplified, the waves become less smooth When inverted, the negative waves become positive and the positive waves become negative When the pitch is lowered, the inverted waves seem to fit better with the non-inverted ones

Wave 2 is a square/rectangle wave Wave 2 is less pleasant to listen to, and is higher pitched. It is a less smooth sound

Wave 3 is a sawtooth wave This wave is a very harsh sound The three wave forms sound different because they have different frequencies, timbers, and loudness. The smoother waveforms have a smoother sound, whereas the choppier wave forms have a more unpleasant sound

Wave 4 looks like it does because it is white noise When made to fade in and out, the amplitude of the sound is decreased The graph shows the points with the highest frequency The analysis shows where the frequency decreases and increases, and where the sound is the loudest

The wavelength of the tuning note A440 is 2.55681818 The wavelength of a 50hz kick drum fundamental is 22.5 The wavelengths of the limits of audibility are 56.25 and .05625

16000 hair cells in ear